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Also testing each NS server that is found thru port scanning for the domain names found thru other methods of enumeration.įrom this query we can determine the Main name server for the zone, all other domain name servers, mail servers and with the TXT record the main thing to look for is the SPF1 record, it is used to specify what IP addresses are allowed to send emails on behalf of the domain. The recommended use of the module is to execute a combination of the Standard Record enumeration and the SRV enumeration so as to get a feel of all the domains found. The module will print the results to the screen and if a database is configured in Metasploit it will save the results in the database, when using the module I highly recommend the use of MySQL or Postgres as the database to be used to save the results since this module uses multi-threading and might cause locks if using SQLite as the database, if you still choose SQLite for portability and simple management I recommend that the advanced option of THREADS to 1, this will mean a slower enumeration. A target network may have different domain name spaces that they employ and prior enumeration thru metadata, email headers and other methods reveal this domain names so as mcq questions for class 7 history chapter 2 with answers be able to enumerate and take advantage of this service.Īs it can be seen in the options there are several ways one can enumerate a targeted domain, the methods are. The accuracy of the results of DNS enumeration varies a lot depending on the Name Server being queried. Many times on small to medium sized companies there only have what it is called a Forward Lookup Zone, this is when you simply give a name and you get back an IP, on some you might find what it is called Wildcard Name Resolution, this is nothing more that the DNS server you are querying if it does not have a specific record for that name will return a pre-defined address, this makes enumeration thru brute force more time consuming since false positives must be cleared and check.
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The first type of configuration keeps both the internal naming structure and the external naming structure separate does providing some security thru obscurity when the attacker is doing the enumeration from the outside of the network. In the second configuration the client uses the same DNS system for both internal and external use. In the first configuration the client has one DNS system only for external requests and only external servers to the enterprise are registered and an internal system for Active Directory. There are 2 main ways I see this system configured in most of companies. This service simplifies configuration of many services and for this same reason is one of the first areas to look at when gathering information of a target network.Īt the beginning this service used to be just hosts file that where shared by the system administrators of the systems connected to the internet, now a days we have a much more robust system.
Hack router port 53 tcp windows#
One of the old fashion methods of enumeration that I see time and time again give a large amount of information of great use is DNS Domain Name Servera large number of systems now a day depend greatly on this service to be able to operate, from IP Telephony, Windows Active Directory, Backup Systems and many other are dependent on this service.